Glossary

Definitive reference for every Wikipedia / Wikidata / Wikimedia LiftWing term that appears in a Probily report. Each entry links back to its canonical source on the Wikimedia ecosystem for independent verification.

Article quality classes

FA — Featured Article

The highest community-assessed quality class on English Wikipedia. An FA is well-written, comprehensive, well-researched, neutral, stable, and complies with the manual of style. Only ~0.2% of English Wikipedia articles hold FA status. Promotion requires a multi-week peer review at WP:FAC. FA-class articles appear on the main page in the «Today's featured article» slot.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles

GA — Good Article

Second-highest community-assessed class. A GA is well-written, factually accurate, broad in coverage, neutral, stable, and properly illustrated, but doesn't yet meet the more rigorous FA criteria (e.g. comprehensive references, stylistic polish). ~0.6% of English Wikipedia articles. Promotion is a single-reviewer assessment at WP:GAN.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles

FL — Featured List

Featured-quality LISTS (e.g. List of countries by GDP) promoted via WP:FLC. Same review depth as FA but the criteria are list-specific: comprehensiveness, style, and well-sourced individual entries.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_lists

A — A-class

A community class between GA and FA, used by a handful of WikiProjects with their own internal A-class review process (notably Military History). Not a generally-applied class across Wikipedia.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment#A-Class

B — B-class

Solid, well-structured article with no major gaps. References are present and the article is largely complete, but it hasn't passed peer review. Reliable as a starting point for further research. Most «good but not great» articles sit at B.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment#B-Class

C — C-class

Developing article. Substantial content but with sparse sections, weak referencing in places, or stylistic issues. Cross-check before citing — claims may be uncited or outdated.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment#C-Class

Start — Start-class

Skeleton article. Basic coverage of the topic but significant gaps remain. Treat as a pointer to other sources, not a citable summary.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment#Start-Class

Stub — Stub

A 1-2 paragraph article. Useful as a name-resolution / existence-confirmation signal but not as a citable source. Stubs are explicitly marked with the {{stub}} template at the bottom of the article.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub

Wikimedia LiftWing models

articlequality — LiftWing articlequality model

A machine-learning model that predicts an article's community quality class (FA / GA / B / C / Start / Stub) from structural signals — section count, citation density, infobox completeness, image count, length. Trained against hand-graded Wikipedia revisions. Output: predicted class plus per-class probability distribution. Anonymous API at 50,000 req/hour per IP.

Source: www.mediawiki.org/wiki/ORES/articlequality

damaging — LiftWing damaging model

Per-revision ML model predicting the probability that an edit damages the article — vandalism, partisan POV, factual sabotage, etc. Output is probability 0.0-1.0 for the «true» class. Higher = more likely damaging. Used by edit-patrol tools and by Probily's editor-forensics + edit-history products.

Source: www.mediawiki.org/wiki/ORES/damaging_and_goodfaith

goodfaith — LiftWing goodfaith model

Per-revision ML model predicting the probability that an edit was made in good faith — i.e., the editor intended to improve the article even if the result is imperfect. Distinct from `damaging` because an edit can be good-faith AND damaging (well-meaning POV push) or bad-faith AND not damaging (sneaky vandalism caught in place). Output: probability 0.0-1.0 for «true» class.

Source: www.mediawiki.org/wiki/ORES/damaging_and_goodfaith

revertrisk — LiftWing revert-risk model

Per-revision ML model predicting the probability that an edit will be reverted by another editor. Strong proxy for edit quality. Language-agnostic variant works across most wikis. Output: probability 0.0-1.0.

Source: meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning_models/Production/Multilingu…

reference-need — LiftWing reference-need model

Per-revision ML model predicting the probability that an article needs MORE citations to be well-sourced. High scores = under-cited. Used by Probily's Quality Audit as the «reference completeness» health signal.

Source: meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning_models/Production/Reference-need

reference-risk — LiftWing reference-risk model

Per-revision ML model predicting the probability that the article's existing citations are at risk — stale, non-RS, or dead-linked. Used by Probily's Quality Audit as the «reference durability» health signal.

Source: meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning_models/Production/Reference-risk

Wikipedia policies & guidelines

WP:V — Verifiability

One of the three core content policies. Material on Wikipedia must be attributable to a reliable, published source — not whether editors find it true. «Verifiability, not truth» is the slogan. Unsourced material can be challenged and removed.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability

WP:NPOV — Neutral Point of View

Articles must represent fairly, proportionately, and without editorial bias, all of the significant views published by reliable sources. NPOV is non-negotiable and not subject to majority vote.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view

WP:NOR — No Original Research

Wikipedia does not publish original thought. All material must be attributable to reliable, published sources. Editors may not introduce new analysis, synthesis, conclusions, or interpretations of source material.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research

WP:RS — Reliable Sources

Guideline defining what constitutes a reliable source on Wikipedia. Generally: published works with editorial oversight (peer-reviewed journals, mainstream news with fact-checking, books from reputable publishers). User-generated content (blogs, forums, social media) is typically NOT reliable.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources

WP:RSP — Reliable Sources Perennial

Community-maintained list of sources whose reliability has been discussed multiple times at the Reliable Sources Noticeboard (WP:RSN), categorising each as generally reliable, marginally reliable, generally unreliable, or deprecated. Probily consults WP:RSP when scoring an article's source mix.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Perennial_sources

WP:BLP — Biographies of Living Persons

Strict policy governing how living people are described on Wikipedia. Material must be conservatively sourced, respectful of privacy, and removed without delay if poorly sourced. Applies anywhere a living person is discussed, not just to biographies.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons

WP:NOTABILITY — Notability

Guideline determining whether a topic warrants a standalone Wikipedia article. A topic is notable if it has received significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject. «Notable» on Wikipedia = enough independent coverage exists to write a verifiable article.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability

Namespaces

Article namespace — Main / Article namespace (NS=0)

The primary encyclopedia content — what most readers think of as «Wikipedia». No prefix on the title. About 6.9 million pages on English Wikipedia.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace

Talk namespace — Talk namespace (NS=1)

Discussion pages attached to each article. Prefix: «Talk:» Editors coordinate edits, raise NPOV disputes, post WikiProject banners, and assess article class on the Talk page. Article integrity often shows up on Talk (active controversy → busy Talk page).

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Talk_pages

User namespace — User namespace (NS=2)

Pages owned by a registered editor — User:<Username>. Often used as a draft area, a CV, or a list of subjects the editor focuses on. Visited by Probily's editor-forensics flow for context on the editor.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages

User_talk namespace — User talk namespace (NS=3)

Where editors message each other. Prefix: «User talk:» Warning templates, AIV reports, civility notices all land here. A user with many warnings on their User_talk is a useful signal in editor-forensics.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages#User_talk_page

Edit types & metadata

minor edit — Minor edit

An edit the contributor flagged as superficial — typo fixes, formatting, link cleanup. Minor edits don't change the article's meaning. The flag is voluntary; vandals sometimes mark damaging edits as minor to evade patrol. Probily's edit-history flags minor% per editor.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Minor_edit

top edit — Top edit

A revision that is currently the LATEST revision of its page. An editor's «top edits» = pages where their contribution is still the visible content. Strong ownership / authority signal.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Top_edits

revert — Revert

An edit that restores an earlier version of the article, undoing one or more recent changes. Reverts can be done via the «undo» button (single edit), the «rollback» tool (privileged editors, single click), or manually. High revert ratio = active editorial dispute.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reverting

rollback — Rollback

A privileged tool (granted to editors with patrol rights) that reverts every consecutive edit by the same editor in one click. Used to deal with sustained vandalism quickly. The edit comment is always «Reverted edits by X (talk) to last version by Y» — a recognisable signature.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Rollback

anonymous edit — Anonymous (IP) edit

An edit made without logging in. The editor's IPv4 or IPv6 address appears in the revision history instead of a username. Anonymous editors can still edit most pages but have fewer privileges. A high anonymous-edit share is a useful but not damning signal — many anonymous editors are good-faith drive-by contributors.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPs_are_human_too

User rights / editor types

autoconfirmed — Autoconfirmed editor

On English Wikipedia: a registered editor whose account is at least 4 days old AND has made at least 10 edits. Autoconfirmed editors can edit semi-protected pages, create articles in main namespace, and upload files. Threshold designed to filter out throwaway sock accounts.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels#Autoconfirmed_users

extended-confirmed — Extended-confirmed editor

Account at least 30 days old with at least 500 edits. Required for editing the most contested articles on EN Wikipedia (ARBPIA — Arab/Israeli conflict, Eastern Europe topics, etc.) under the «contentious topics» framework. Extended-confirmed flag is a strong «I've been here a while» signal.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels#Extended_confirmed_users

sysop — Administrator (sysop)

Editors granted by community election the ability to block other editors, delete pages, protect pages, and edit fully-protected pages. ~860 active admins on English Wikipedia. Often abbreviated «admin» in casual use. Sysop ≠ Wikipedia employee — admins are unpaid volunteers.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators

bot — Bot account

An automated editor that performs repetitive maintenance tasks — fixing dead links, dating templates, categorising stubs, archiving Talk pages. Bot accounts have a special «bot» flag so their edits can be filtered out of recent changes patrol. Edit comments often start with `[[WP:BOT]]`.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots

Page protection

semi-protection — Semi-protection

Article protection level that limits editing to autoconfirmed editors (4 days + 10 edits). Applied in response to persistent vandalism from IP / throwaway accounts. Semi-protection is the most common form of protection.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#Semi

extended-confirmed protection — Extended-confirmed protection (ECP)

Article protection level that limits editing to extended-confirmed editors (30 days + 500 edits). Applied to articles in contentious topic areas where semi-protection is insufficient. Strong signal that Wikipedia community considers the topic high-stakes and prone to abuse.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#Extended_confirmed

full protection — Full protection

Editing limited to administrators only. Applied during active edit-warring, in response to legal threats, or to templates with very high transclusion counts. Full protection is rare on article pages and usually temporary.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#Full

pending changes — Pending changes protection

Edits by IP / non-autoconfirmed editors are NOT immediately visible to readers — they wait in a queue until a pending-changes reviewer approves them. Slower than semi-protection but allows good-faith anon edits to land. Used for visible but vandalism-prone topics.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes

Wikidata terminology

QID — Wikidata entity identifier (Q-id)

The unique identifier for every entity in Wikidata, format `Q<number>`. Q42 = Douglas Adams; Q5 = human; Q43229 = organization. The QID is the canonical key across all Wikimedia projects — every Wikipedia article in every language links to the same QID.

Source: www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Identifiers

PID — Wikidata property identifier (P-id)

The unique identifier for every PROPERTY (predicate) in Wikidata, format `P<number>`. P31 = «instance of»; P21 = «sex or gender»; P569 = «date of birth»; P856 = «official website». Statements on an entity take the form `entity P<id> value`.

Source: www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:List_of_properties

claim / statement — Wikidata claim / statement

A single fact about a Wikidata entity, structured as `subject - property - value`. The «value» can be another entity (Q-id), a literal (date, number, string), or a globe coordinate. Claims can have qualifiers (e.g. «start time», «end time») and references (which source documents the claim).

Source: www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Glossary#Claim

sitelink — Wikidata sitelink

A pointer from a Wikidata entity to the corresponding page on a specific Wikimedia project. `Q42 → enwiki: Douglas_Adams` means «entity Q42 has a Wikipedia article in English titled `Douglas_Adams`». Sitelinks let Wikidata serve as a translation table between all Wikimedia language editions.

Source: www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sitelinks

WikiProjects & Talk-page assessment

WikiProject — WikiProject

A community of Wikipedia editors organised around a topic area (e.g. WikiProject Politics, WikiProject Medicine, WikiProject Military History). WikiProjects set local quality / importance rubrics, assess articles in their scope via Talk-page banners, and coordinate content drives. An article can fall under multiple WikiProjects.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject

importance — Article importance (WikiProject)

Each WikiProject assesses how important an article is to its topic area on a four-tier scale: Top / High / Mid / Low. Top-importance to a project = a flagship topic that area absolutely needs covered well. Importance is set by the WikiProject community on the article's Talk page banner.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Assessment_FAQ#Wh…

Citation templates

cite news — {{cite news}}

Citation template for news-article sources. Format on Wikipedia: `{{cite news|title=…|url=…|work=…|date=…|author=…|access-date=…}}`. Renders as a properly-formatted news citation in the References list.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_news

cite web — {{cite web}}

Citation template for generic web pages (corporate websites, blog posts, etc.). Less authoritative-looking than `cite news` or `cite journal`. Heavy use of `cite web` on a serious topic is a yellow flag for source quality.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web

cite journal — {{cite journal}}

Citation template for peer-reviewed academic articles. Carries fields for DOI, PMID, journal name, volume, issue, pages. Among the most authoritative citation types on Wikipedia.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal

cite book — {{cite book}}

Citation template for books and book chapters. Fields for ISBN, publisher, edition. Strong source class on Wikipedia, especially for historical / biographical claims.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book

OpenSanctions topic tags

sanction — Sanctions designation

Entity is currently listed on an official sanctions register (OFAC SDN, EU Consolidated, UK FCDO, Swiss SECO, etc.). Sanctions are state-level restrictive measures — asset freezes, travel bans, trade prohibitions. A «sanction» topic on a record means a sovereign or bloc-level government formally designated this entity in a published list. Verify by clicking through to the upstream regulator on each block's «verify on upstream register» link.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

sanction.linked — Sanctions-linked entity

Entity is NOT directly sanctioned but linked to a sanctioned entity by ownership / control / agency. Common pattern: subsidiary of a sanctioned parent, named family member of a sanctioned individual, or an agent acting on behalf of a sanctioned principal. Compliance-grade screening must treat sanction.linked entities with caution.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

pep — Politically Exposed Person

Public-office holder or senior government / SOE / international-org functionary whose position warrants enhanced KYC scrutiny (FATF Recommendation 12). Includes heads of state, ministers, MPs, MEPs, top judges, senior military / intelligence officers, central-bank board members, SOE executives. PEP status is NOT a criminal designation — it means «high-risk transactions warrant extra due diligence due to corruption / coercion exposure».

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politically_exposed_person

pep.family — PEP family member

Close family member of a Politically Exposed Person — spouse, parents, children, siblings, in-laws. FATF guidance extends enhanced-KYC requirements to PEP family because they're a common conduit for corrupt asset placement and beneficial-ownership concealment.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politically_exposed_person

pep.associate — PEP close associate

Known close associate of a PEP — business partners, advisors, individuals who hold beneficial interests in companies jointly with the PEP. Same enhanced-KYC treatment as PEP family, narrower in scope (associates by business / advisory ties rather than blood / marriage).

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politically_exposed_person

crime — Convicted / charged with a crime

Entity has been formally charged with or convicted of a criminal offence. Sub-classes refine the crime type: crime.terror (terrorism), crime.fraud (financial fraud), crime.theft (theft / robbery), crime.cyber (cybercrime), crime.war (war crimes), crime.financial (other financial crime). Source: court records, indictments, official press releases by prosecutorial authorities.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

crime.terror — Terrorism-related

Entity is associated with terrorism — listed on a sovereign terror-financing register (e.g. UN ISIL/Al-Qaeda list, US SDGT, EU CP931, UK Terrorism Asset-Freezing Targets) or indicted under terrorism statutes. Strongest red flag in the topic taxonomy.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

crime.fraud — Fraud

Convicted / charged with fraud — securities fraud, embezzlement, Ponzi schemes, identity fraud, accounting fraud, etc. Common source: SEC enforcement actions, FCA case histories, prosecutor press releases. Often co-occurs with sanction + asset.frozen.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

crime.war — War crimes / crimes against humanity

Entity indicted for war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide. Sources: ICC indictments, ICTY/ICTR records, UN human-rights panels, Ukraine NSDC war-crimes register, national prosecutors invoking universal-jurisdiction statutes.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crime

crime.cyber — Cybercrime

Computer-enabled crime — hacking, ransomware, intrusion, data theft, malicious infrastructure operation. Source: indictments under CFAA-equivalent statutes, FBI Most Wanted (Cyber), Europol case histories, OFAC Cyber-Related designations.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

crime.theft — Theft / robbery

Convicted of theft, robbery, burglary, or similar property crime. Lower-severity than fraud or terrorism but still a criminal record.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

crime.financial — Financial crime (non-fraud)

Financial crime that doesn't fit the fraud sub-class — money-laundering, sanctions evasion, illegal banking, kleptocracy. Source: FATF MERs, FinCEN advisories, court records under anti-money-laundering statutes.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

asset.frozen — Assets frozen by a sovereign authority

A government has formally frozen or seized the entity's assets under sanctions / criminal-forfeiture authority. Co-occurs with sanction in most cases. The freeze is the ENFORCEMENT action; the listing is the LEGAL basis.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

poi — Person of Interest

Entity flagged by investigative journalists or watchdog NGOs as warranting public scrutiny — but NOT necessarily sanctioned or indicted. Includes oligarchs, regime-aligned businesspeople, individuals named in leaked documents (Panama / Pandora / Paradise Papers). Treat as «published-source signal», not verdict.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

debarment — Debarment from public contracting

Entity barred from public-sector contracting / grants by a government or multilateral lender. Sources: US SAM Procurement Exclusions, World Bank Cross-Debarment, EBRD enforcement decisions, UK Companies House Disqualified Directors register, Brazilian CEIS, etc. Indicates a finding of misconduct in past public dealings.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

regulatory.action — Regulatory enforcement action

Entity subject to enforcement action by a financial / industry regulator — fines, license suspensions, prohibitions on directorship roles. Sources: FCA, FINRA, SEC, BaFin, FINMA case histories. Distinct from sanctions in that the action is regulatory (industry-specific) rather than sovereign.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

wanted — Wanted by law enforcement

Entity on an active law-enforcement wanted list — INTERPOL Red Notice, FBI Most Wanted, national wanted-persons registers (Poland, Ukraine, etc.). Indicates an outstanding warrant or pending arrest action.

Source: www.interpol.int/en/How-we-work/Notices/View-Red-Notices

fin — Financial-sector entity

Entity operates in financial services — bank, payment processor, broker, exchange, fintech, lending firm. Used as a categorisation tag, not a risk signal on its own.

Source: www.opensanctions.org/reference/#topics

gov.executive — Government — executive branch

Public-office holder in the executive branch — heads of state / government, ministers, deputy ministers, agency heads, presidential-appointed officials. PEP-grade exposure for KYC purposes.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politically_exposed_person

gov.legislative — Government — legislative branch

Member of a national / supra-national legislature — MPs, senators, MEPs, deputies. Also PEP-grade.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politically_exposed_person

gov.judicial — Government — judiciary

Senior member of the judicial branch — Supreme / Constitutional Court justices, Court of Appeal judges, prosecutor-general, attorney-general. PEP-grade exposure.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politically_exposed_person

gov.financial — Government — financial regulators / central bank

Central-bank board members, financial-regulator directors, deposit-insurance corporation leadership. PEP-grade for the same reason as other gov.* tags.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politically_exposed_person

gov.security — Government — security services / military

Senior officers in intelligence agencies, military command, police leadership. PEP-grade exposure plus elevated sanctions risk in conflict-related jurisdictions.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politically_exposed_person

How to use this glossary

Probily reports use the same vocabulary as the Wikimedia ecosystem. When a report mentions «articlequality grade FA», the FA entry above is what Wikipedia actually means by «FA». When the bot says «community: GA · high», it's reporting the Talk-page WikiProject banner assessment exactly as the community recorded it.

This page is the authoritative match between Probily-reported labels and the underlying Wikimedia concept. If you spot a term in a Probily report that's NOT in this glossary, please flag it — that's a copy-debt bug.